Day the Dinosaurs Died      
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It was a bright and beautiful era in that distant past--seventy million years ago, say paleontologists. Strange creatures were roaming this earth. Dinosaurs dominated the land. Pterosaurs (flying reptiles) flitted through the skies. The oceans were alive with giant marine reptiles call ichthyosaurs and mosasaurs.

The landscape of the earth was totally different then. "We might," as one author put it, "well imagine ourselves upon another planet."

None of the mammals with which we are ordinarily familiar existed. There were no dogs, no horses, no cattle, no cats, no man walked upon the earth to view this strange creation.

Few of the common insects with which we are familiar, such as butterflies and bees, are known to have existed.

Two Different Worlds
Plant life in the Age of Reptiles would seem strange to us. Cycads, ferns, fern-like plants, dominated the landscape. The flowering plants and landscape--the flowering plants and common trees simply were not in existence. There were no oak trees, no maples, no tomato vines, no orange trees, no marigolds, no sweet peas.

It was a world without the variety of mammals we see today, few if any fish with true scales, no array of feathered fowl, no grains, no fruits, no vegetables for man.

Then a series of strange and terrible disasters wrought havoc on this earth. The flying reptiles were completely exterminated. The great dinosaurs vanished completely, leaving only a few small scattered dinosaur-like creatures for man's world today. The great reptiles of the sea became a thing of the past. The strange plant life of that time long ago was also destroyed. It was replaced in great measure by the modern plants of today--plants upon which man and mammal alike depend for their survival.

With an alarming abruptness, that entire world perished. The dinosaurs were exterminated. We do have reptiles with us today, but they "occupy a humble, almost insignificant position," as one author put it. Almost without exception they are crawling, sprawling creatures.

Today's snakes, lizards, turtles or crocodiles are hardly chips off the old block.

But why did the dinosaurs perish--and HOW? Geologists admit they don't know! It is a mystery they have not solved, even after one hundred years of sleuthing.

Yet, the fact that these ruling reptiles perished violently and in astronomic numbers is clear. That they left no descendants is also irrefutable.

The Ultimate Disaster
Dinosaur expert Dr. Edwin Colbert admits, "There can be no doubt about it. All of the dinosaurs along with various other reptiles, became extinct.

"NOT ONE OF THEM SURVIVED, as it is simply proved by the fact that during almost a century and a half of paleontological exploration, the wide world over, no trace of a dinosaur bone or tooth has ever been found in any post-Cretaceous rocks, not even in the earliest of them.

"The proof of the geologic record on this score is IRREFUTABLE" (Dinosaurs, Edwin H. Colbert, p. 249).

This series of extinctions is one of the most confusing puzzles in the history of paleontology. The greatest scientists scratch their heads in amazement at what occurred.

None claims to have the full answer. For example, Carl O. Dunbar, in his well known textbook, Historical Geology, is simply awed by this wholesale extinction of life.

A Time of Crisis
"It is difficult to account for the SIMULTANEOUS EXTINCTION of great tribes of animals so diverse in relationships and in habitats of life" (Historical Geology, Carl O. Dunbar, pp. 345, 348).

The expert Edwin H. Colbert speaks frankly of this problem:
"The great extinction that wiped out ALL of the dinosaurs, large and small, in all parts of the world, and at the same time brought to an end various other lines of reptilian evolution, was one of the OUTSTANDING EVENTS in the history of life and in the history of the earth…it was an event that has DEFIED ALL ATTEMPTS at a satisfactory explanation" (The Age of Reptiles, p. 191).

Suddenly--New Forms of Life
This sudden extinction of reptilian life was certainly a mysterious event. But equally puzzling to scientists was the sudden appearance of entirely new forms of life, totally unrelated to the reptiles.

It is this utter and complete change that confuses paleontologists who seek to find an evolutionary answer for the existence of all life.

Musing about this problem, geologist Carl O. Dunbar quotes George Gaylord Simpson, one of the most respected men in paleontology:
"It is as if the curtain were rung down SUDDENLY on a stage where all the leading roles were taken by reptiles, especially dinosaurs, in great numbers and bewildering variety, and rose again IMMEDIATELY to reveal the same setting but an ENTIRELY NEW CAST in which the dinosaurs do not appear at all, other reptiles are mere supernumeraries [unimportant, bit-part actors] and the leading parts are all played by MAMMALS'" (Historical Geology, Carl O. Dunbar, p. 426).

Evolution in Crisis
Why is this sudden change in the character of life so devastating to the evolutionary concept?

Because evolution demands slow change over long periods of time. [65 million years ago is a relatively short period of time geologically speaking, and in the evolutionary concept of timing as well.] But here the fossil record show QUICK change in an obviously SHORT period of time.

Evolution demands numerous intermediate living things which can be hooked together in an attempt to show an evolutionary sequence. However, the fossil record reveals a PROFOUND CHANGE from reptilian hosts to mammals--and WITHOUT any proven intermediaries.

Scientists are thus faced with two unanswered puzzles: How were the dinosaurs destroyed, and what killed them off so quickly?  And second, what is the meaning of this abrupt change in the type of life on this earth?

The Reasons Given
Not one of the theories propounded for dinosaur extinction is accepted by all paleontologists. Paleontologist Edwin Colbert's decisive verdict on the ultimate cause of the dinosaur disaster is that, "This is one of the big questions of paleontology for which as yet NO SATISFACTORY ANSWER has been set forward" (Dinosaurs, Edwin H. Colbert, pp. 250-251). Briefly, lets examine a few of the theories. What about climatic change?

Perhaps it got too cold for the dinosaurs. According to evolutionary time scales, it would take many millions of years for the earth's climate to change. Surely, if evolution were a fact, these reptiles could adapt themselves to it.

Perhaps it got too hot for the dinosaurs?

"It is an ingenious idea, but there is no geological evidence to support the concept of temperature increases at the close of the Cretaceous period" (Dinosaurs, Edwin H. Colbert, p. 254).

What about food problems?

The fossil record shows that the plants eaten by the dinosaurs were still very much available to them at the time of the Great Extinction. Perhaps some could have been extinguished IF the food supply in a certain area or of a certain kind were not available. But this idea cannot account for the extinction of ALL dinosaurs EVERYWHERE.

Perhaps great disease epidemics swept the earth at that time? This solution is also rejected by most scientists--and for good reasons. Most epidemics are very specific, attacking only one species of animal or are relatively limited in their effects, killing off only a portion of that species.

One paleontologist candidly confesses that "it is stretching credulity far beyond the bounds of reason to suppose that a series of epidemics could have brought about the disappearance of ALL dinosaurs (Dinosaurs, Edwin H. Colbert, pp. 255, 256).

Poorly Constructed--or Something?
Could it be that dinosaurs were badly constructed? No! Dinosaurs were WELL CONSTRUCTED! And can we, in all honesty, postulate that ALL the varied dinosaurs and other forms of life in the land, in the seas, and in the air were ALL "badly constructed"?

Another quaint theory has certain so-called, primitive "mammals" having a yen for dinosaur eggs--eating the huge reptiles literally off the face of the earth.

Impossible!

The living Nile monitor, for example, avidly hunts and devours eggs of the Nile crocodile. But it has not succeeded in exterminating the larger relative.

But more important, the fossil record shows that true mammals of the type and variety of today did NOT ARISE until after the dinosaurs were extinct. This explanation, as others, simply doesn't hold water.

The idea of "racial senescence" is an old theory--and that is all it is, a theory! Few competent paleontologists would accept the idea that dinosaurs just grew old and tired as a race or species!

Remember, extremely varied reptilian forms living worldwide, ALL DIED at once. Even if the senility idea were plausible, would all the varied forms of life which became extinct--all reach this so called senility state TOGETHER?

So much for one half of the ideas.

What About Catastrophes?
The other half of the categories usually cited involve some form of "local" CATASTROPHE. However, to do the job of extinguishing the reptilian hordes, these catastrophes would have to be worldwide in extent.

Why?

Because we find dinosaur graveyards in all parts of the world. But such catastrophes would need to account for MORE than just the dinosaurs' mysterious obliteration.

The great crisis in the history of life at that time also destroyed the great MARINE reptiles--the ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, and the mosasaurs. These ALL DIED simultaneously with the dinosaurs--even though they lived in the seas.

Other types of life in the sea, and in the air as well, also perished. The great winged dragons, the pterosaurs, had the amazing wingspread of 23 to 25 feet. The final remains of these flying reptiles are found along with the dinosaurs. Their fate was the same.

But scientists are unwilling to accept sudden catastrophes if they are worldwide in extent. [Since Velikovski (World in Upheaval) some have been willing to, but not the implication of Divine creation that this interpretation carries.]

"An obvious and all to easy explanation is the catastrophe one. Did some great event take place that wiped out these reptiles?" Colbert asks.

His answer?  "There is NO PLACE for worldwide catastrophes in the world of the past or of the present IF the principle of uniformitarianism [the idea that existing processes acting in the same manner as at present are sufficient to account for all geological changes] has any validity" (The Age of Reptiles, Edwin Colbert, pp. 203, 204).

Universal Catastrophes Rejected
And that's just the problem! Scattered local catastrophes are accepted. But worldwide catastrophe is denied consideration. The theory that all geological processes have continued at basically the same rate as we see them occurring today is a vital pillar in the structure of modern geology.

But, have all geologic processes continued at the same rate? Is this concept true? WHY have worldwide catastrophes been rejected by scientists? Why should the "obvious and all too easy explanation" of a universal catastrophe have NO PLACE in modern science?

The plain and obvious answer is that evolution needs time--VAST amounts of time--to make its theory seem plausible. [And 65 million years from the sudden extinction of highly sophisticated groups of highly interrelated reptilian species to the appearance of other highly sophisticated and interrelated groups of mammals and plants, and man, is not considered by any serious scientist to be sufficient time to allow the evolutionary process to work.]

Scientists realize that a major catastrophe could do in a few days or weeks what natural processes might require many thousands of years or even millions of years to accomplish. A catastrophe enormously speeds up and goes far beyond the pace of the natural processes of erosion and burial. That is why any catastrophic approach is shunned and avoided by scientists who have assumed that all life is due to a slow evolutionary process.

"We may assume," Nicholas Hotton, a paleontologist tells us, "that it [the extinction] resulted from reasonably well-understood processes of climatic change and biological competition…we are fairly sure that it was gradual, NOT CATASTROPHIC" (Dinosaurs, Nicholas Hotton III, p. 174).

Yet paleontologists acknowledge that other means could not destroy these creatures. They admit that climatic change, epidemics, change of food supply and other such ideas cannot possibly account for the worldwide extinction of land, air, and sea life at the close of the Age of Reptiles.

If a catastrophe is to be involved to explain the extinction of the dinosaurs--it would have to be a WORLDWIDE occurrence!

European paleontologist Bjorn Kurten admits this precise point:
"The catastrophe would have had to be almost UNIVERSAL IN PROPORTIONS as we know that dinosaurs were present in most or all continents" (The Age of Dinosaurs, Bjorn Kurten, p. 236).

Worldwide catastrophe seems to be the only path to pursue in looking for an explanation for this mysterious extinction.

Yet, the typical paleontologist simply does not want to face this possibility.

Catastrophe--Logical Explanations
"It seems logical," admits Colbert, "to look for some great change that took place…thereby bringing to an end the multitudes of dinosaurs and other reptiles that then populated the earth.

"This is not to imply that there was of necessity a great WORLDWIDE CATASTROPHE, which by the violence of its expression suddenly wiped out the dinosaurs. Catastrophes are the mainstays of people who have very little knowledge of the natural world, for them the invocation of a catastrophe is an easy way to explain great events" (Dinosaurs, Edwin Colbert, p. 253).

Yet, if a worldwide catastrophe explains what happened, why NOT postulate--and prove it? What is wrong with an easy or simple explanation? After all, paleontologists have been struggling for an answer to this "great dying" for many decades.

Keep Admissions in Mind
"So far no logical way has been found to connect the known cause of the extinction of individual species with these worldwide Great Deaths. Some other cause, operating on a WORLDWIDE basis, would seem to be called for" (The Day of the Dinosaur, L. Sprague de Camp and Catherine Crook de Camp, pp. 200, 201).

How can we solve this puzzle of dinosaur extinction? First, we must look for a worldwide cause. Second, that cause must be so catastrophic that no dinosaur any place on earth could survive. The evidence in this mystery is the fossil record.

Dinosaur Hunting in New Mexico
Let's take a few examples of where dinosaur bones have been found and see how catastrophic their burial really was.

In 1947, an expedition from the American Museum of Natural History discovered an amazing concentration of Coelophysis dinosaur bones in north-western New Mexico.

The explorers began to probe a certain section of land with scratchers and awls, the usual method of preliminary investigation of a possible bone site. It became quickly apparent that the investigators had run upon a most amazing find.

The workers cut a large scallop into the hillside. "As the layer was exposed it revealed a most REMARKABLE DINOSAURIAN GRAVEYARD in which there were literally scores of skeletons one on top of another and INTERLACED WITH one another. It would appear that some local catastrophe had overtaken these dinosaurs, so that they all died together and were buried together" (Men and Dinosaurs, Edwin Colbert, p. 141).

In what condition were they found?

"They were found in the GREATEST PROFUSION, piled on top of one another, with heads and tails and feet and legs often inextricably mixed in a jack-straw puzzle of bones."

Overwhelmed by Catastrophe
Some of the skeletons were absolutely complete. Even the tiniest bones survived. These finds are rated as among the most perfect dinosaur skeletons ever discovered.

They represent a range of ages, from very small animals to those obviously fully adult. All of this rich material, coming from a single quarry that was perhaps thirty feet square, certainly indicates the remains of animals belonging to a single species that may have been OVERWHELMED BY SOME LOCAL CATASTROPHE AND BURIED TOGETHER" (Dinosaurs, Edwin Colbert, p. 61).

The fact that these fossils were perfectly preserved shows they had to be buried IMMEDIATELY-before predators and weathering destroyed the skeletons.

The composition of the fossils shows a complete range of a single species, as one might find a herd of some wild animal. It is obvious that a CATASTROPHE buried those animals.

Just a "Local" Catastrophe?
But, was it only a "local catastrophe"? This might be a logical deduction if such graveyards were found nowhere else. However, the reverse is true. No matter where we look, almost invariably we see indication of violent burial for dinosaurs.

In fact, whenever we see fossils of anything from marine invertebrates to mammals-this sudden, and violent type of burial is clearly evident.

The dinosaurs are merely an outstanding case of this. For example, there is a rich bed of fossil dinosaurs in Alberta, Canada. Here is one of the most RICHLY fossiliferous regions in the world for dinosaur bones.

How are these bones found?

"Innumerable bones and many fine skeletons of dinosaurs and other associated reptiles have been quarried from these badlands, particularly in the fifteen-mile stretch that is a veritable DINOSAURIAN GRAVEYARD" (The Age of Reptiles, Edwin Colbert, p. 169).

Dinosaur Graveyards
Another example comes from a 1934 discovery.
Barnum Brown, famous dinosaur discoverer, was collecting bones in Montana. He heard of large bones in the ranch owned by a man named Barker Howe, who lived at the foot of the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming.

Edwin Colbert tells us in what condition Brown found the bones as he began to work the area of the Howe Ranch: "The concentration of the fossils was remarkable; they were piled in LIKE LOGS IN A JAM" (Men and Dinosaurs, Edwin Colbert, p. 173).

If this were an isolated case, it might perhaps be explained as a fluke of nature or a "local" catastrophe. But this example is just one of many.

Such destruction, such mixing up, such concentration could only come by catastrophe!

A Profusion of Skeletons
In another case, somewhat earlier, bone diggers were making exploratory excursions into the Medicine Bow anticline, a ridge that contains what are called Morrison sediments-somewhat north of Como Bluff, Wyoming. The Morrison formation is known as a tremendous source of dinosaur fossils throughout Western North America.

In the general area north of Como Bluff, on June 12, 1898, the famous Bone Cabin quarry was located. It was named after an old sheepherder who had built a cabin out of dinosaur bones he found in the area.

Here is what the bone diggers found.

"At this spot the fossil hunters found a hillside of dinosaur bones that had weathered out of the sediments composing the ridge…the party went to work, digging down into the surface of the hill, and as they dug, more and more bones came to light. In short, it was a veritable MINE OF DINOSAUR BONES" (Men and Dinosaurs, Edwin Colbert, p. 151).

Another author gives us more details into what was actually discovered.

"In the Bone-Cabin Quarry…we came across a veritable Noah's ark deposit, a perfect museum of all the animals of the period.

"Here are the largest of the giant dinosaurs closely mingled with the remains of the smaller but powerful carnivorous dinosaurs which preyed upon them, also those of the slow and heavy moving armoured dinosaurs of the period, as well as the lightest and most bird-like of the dinosaurs.

"Finely rounded, complete limbs from eight to ten feet in length are found, especially those of the carnivorous dinosaurs, perfect even to the sharply pointed and recurved tips of their toes" (Dinosaurs, W.D. Matthew, pp. 136, 138).

Again, immediate burial was necessary for such perfect preservation. It is as if a complete range of animals-were buried together by water-borne mud.

Digging Dinosaurs in Africa
One of the most important paleontological expeditions was the 1909-1914 one to what was then German East Africa, now Tanzania.

"The site contained an ENORMOUS NUMBER of fossils-far more than could be carried off by one expedition. As in most of such sites, the greater part of the remains were fragmentary…there was much speculation as to how the remains of so many dinosaurs came to be CONCENTRATED in beds otherwise rather poor in fossil remains. Some German scientists suggested that the animals had been overwhelmed by a natural catastrophe" (The Day of the Dinosaur, L. Sprague de Camp and Catherine Crook de Camp, p. 250).

Why of course!

That is the obvious explanation. Here is another example of VIOLENT burial. When you find fossils the world over-in Africa, in North America, in Europe-all looking as though they had been "overwhelmed by a catastrophe," that is the logical conclusion.

There was a WORLDWIDE CATASTROPHE that buried these dragons of the ancient past and preserved them as a record of what occurred in those distant times. Sudden death and immediate burial was the fate of that ancient world.

Dinosaurs in Belgium
Back in 1878 a remarkable concentration of Iguanodon (I-gwan-o-don) skeletons were discovered one thousand feet below the ground in a Belgian coal mine.

Coal miners in the coal town of Bernissart were developing a new gallery at the 1,046-foot depth. Suddenly the miners hit upon large fossil bones.

A second tunnel was driven parallel to the first at 1,157 feet. Again, bones were struck.

"Thus it could be seen that the FOSSIL BONEYARD was evidently one of gigantic proportions, especially notable because of its vertical extension through more than a hundred feet of rock" (Men and Dinosaurs, Edwin Colbert, p. 58).

The bones were not contained within the regular beds of the coal seems--but were deposited in unstratified clays that cut through the layered coal. It appeared that a deep pit or fissure had extended through the coal-bearing layers. How is the profusion of bones explained?

"Careful work…would SEEM to indicate that within the coal mine of Bernissart there was preserved an ancient ravine--a narrow, deep gully…into which, within a comparatively short span of years, many inguanodons had slipped and fallen and died, to be buried in deep deposits of mud brought in by flooding waters after HEAVY RAIN" (Men and Dinosaurs, Edwin Colbert, p. 58).

This, of course, is often the explanation. But even then after "careful work" it only seemed like a possible indication that these iguanodons had slipped and fallen.

But here we have heavy rains mentioned, flooding waters, deposits of mud. Is it not more logical to have a sudden inundation bury these hapless dinosaurs? Do we not here have another positive proof of some catastrophe obliterating the dinosaurs?

Digging for Eggs
In 1922, a convoy of automobiles was making its way across the desert plains of Outer Mongolia. They stopped at the sudden sight of spectacular cliffs that shot up from the desert floor.

The cars were filled with scientists sent by the American Museum of Natural History. Part of the Central Asiatic Expeditions, these men were engaged in a large natural history survey of the Gobi Desert.

This 1922 American Museum Expedition made an electrifying discovery of more than seventy unhatched dinosaur eggs! Also, thousands of fragments of eggshells were discovered. This in addition to skeletons that represent all stages of growth from newly hatched baby dinosaurs to full grown adults. Since then, Russian and Chinese workers have found more of the eight-inch-long eggs.

So remarkable was this series of dinosaur eggs, that a few of them even show traces of EMBRYONIC BONE! Most, however, were completely filled with sand.

The Puzzle of Fossil Eggs
Dinosaur eggs have also been discovered in Mongolia, France, Montana, and Brazil. In Portugal an egg was discovered in rocks classified by geologists as Jurassic along with bones of dinosaurs. Others have been unearthed in East Africa.

But how, you might ask, could FULLY PRESERVED dinosaur eggs be discovered the world over? If you are puzzled by this, so are the paleontologists.

"Some of the dinosaur eggs never hatched. What prevented their development as they lay buried in their sandy crypts is a PUZZLE, all we know is that no little dinosaurs came out of the eggs…in a few of the Mongolian eggs…are traces of fossilized embryonic bone, and indication that development had at least gone on for some time before the hatching of the eggs was INTERRUPTED" (Dinosaurs, Edwin Colbert, pp. 216, 217).

What "interrupted" the hatching? The answer is very revealing and explains how the dinosaurs were killed.

Conditions of Burial
Briefly, lets notice the conditions under which the dinosaur eggs of Mongolia were preserved. One of the actual discoverers wrote this interesting account.

"Our real thrill came on the second day, when George Olsen reported…that he was sure he had found fossil eggs….

"These eggs were in a GREAT DEPOSIT FULL OF DINOSAUR SKELETONS and containing, so far as we could discover, no remains of other animals or of birds…the deposit was unbelievably rich. Seventy-five skulls and skeletons were discovered, SOME OF THEM ABSOLUTELY PERFECT. Obviously the Flaming Cliffs were a region of great concentration of dinosaurs during the breeding season" (On the Trial of Ancient Man, Roy Chapman Andrews, pp. 228-231).

How does one explain all this--on the basis of slow evolutionary burial over thousands of years?

One must account for several factors. First, there was a great profusion of dinosaur bones here--as though another one of those "local" catastrophes overwhelmed them. The specimens were in a very fine state of preservation. The words "absolutely perfect" were used of some of the bones. The burial must have been fairly rapid.

Then there is the problem of dinosaur eggs. What stopped the embryo from developing? A small sandstorm wouldn't. The large dinosaurs would not have been trapped in such a storm. Yet, a catastrophic burial and accompanying temperature change WOULD HALT the development of the embryo.

The only answer is obvious.

Remember, the author told us there was a "great concentration of dinosaurs." Catastrophes of various dimensions overwhelmed, killed and buried the dinosaurs and the eggs. The embryos ceased to develop, most of the eggs were smashed--but a few being already buried in sand, survived. They survived as a witness that a catastrophe indeed did occur in the region of Mongolia as part of a worldwide pattern of violence and destruction.

The Remarkable Dinosaur Footprints
Another intriguing type of dinosaur fossil--if we can cal it that--is the footprint.

Such tracks are worldwide in extent. They are found in western North America and in New England. In the latter, the tracks have been commercially quarried and sold to tourists.

Dinosaur tracks are also found in South America, especially in Argentina. England also has them. And so has Basutoland, down in the southern part of Africa. In this out-of-the-way place, dinosaur tracks are quite abundant.

The dinosaur hunters have also found tracks in such diverse places as Morocco, Portugal and Australia. Canada has not been neglected either. Dinosaur footprints are also found in British Columbia.

As is quite clear, dinosaur tracks are rather common occurrences the world over. What many of these tracks seem to reveal is even more intriguing. Are they giving us a glimpse of the final moments in the lives of these great beasts--just before they were extinguished by a worldwide catastrophe?

Tracks Made in Water
Let's begin with the tracks in the Glen Rose Formation near the town of Glen Rose and Bandera, Texas.

"These great tracks must have been made in shallow water," says Edwin Colbert, "for there are no traces of tail marks, which means that the tail was floating instead of dragging on the ground. Yet, the water was not deep enough to have reached the bellies of the animals that made them" (Dinosaurs, Edwin Colbert, pp. 187, 188).

Next, let us skip to the Connecticut Valley in New England. The thousands of dinosaur tracks tell us a fascinating story. They reveal the activity of the dinosaurs in that ominous and distant past.

"Most of the tracks and trackways show us dinosaurs on the move, either walking or running. Some of them show that their makers came to sudden stops; some of them show how they slipped in the mud.

"At least one set of tracks, of Anomoepus show the dinosaur resting with all four feet and the belly on the ground. Many of the footprints are SUPERIMPOSED UPON RIPPLE MARKS, showing that the dinosaurs wandered across mud flats following the retreat of shallow waters; perhaps tidal water or perhaps high waters caused by heavy rainstorms" (Dinosaurs, Edwin Colbert, pp. 185, 187).

An amazing story indeed!

What It All Means
But what do we see here? Let's add more factual material.

"Most dinosaur footprints would SEEM to have been made on mud flats, along the shores of lakes. The tracks are commonly associated with RIPPLE MARKS AND RAINDROP IMPRESSIONS, all preserved in stony immobility, yet in such vivid records of water and storms of the distant past there are seldom bony remains to be found" (Dinosaurs, Edwin Colbert, pp. 181, 183).

"Most dinosaur footprints would SEEM to have been made on mud flats, along the shores of lakes. The tracks are commonly associated with RIPPLE MARKS AND RAINDROP IMPRESSIONS, all preserved in stony immobility, yet in such vivid records of water and storms of the distant past there are seldom bony remains to be found" (Dinosaurs, Edwin Colbert, pp. 181, 183).

Other footprints were made across surfaces broken into polygonal shapes-indication of mud cracks made by HEAT. This heat--whatever its source--would have baked the footprints into stony immobility.

And why aren't tracks and bones found together? Could intense heat have cremated the dinosaurs and preserved their footprints? Or was it because the dinosaurs themselves were FLOATED and carried by the same rising waters that preserved their tracks?

Read the following! You be the judge:
"Their tracks are deeply impressed and include drag-marks of the heavy tails. The tracks of the smaller individuals are shallower and show no tail drag-marks, as though the youngsters were HALF-AFLOAT as the herd made its way through the shallows.

"Another set of tracks, of a single individual, start off deeply impressed, as though the animal were UNSUPPORTED by water, and became less and less well-marked.

"They are finally reduced to the MEREST SCRATCHES, at greater intervals, in what was the bottom of the lake, showing that a big sauropod had ambled into the water, which had supported more and more of his weight as he got in deeper, until finally he was cruising along in a leisurely manner"--or was he FRANTICALLY STRUGGLING to touch bottom, as water rose higher and higher?

And was this dinosaur--along with thousands--CARRIED AWAY by the currents to far distant locations, to be buried in one of the innumerable fossil graveyards around the world?

Someone might ask, "But how were the tracks preserved in spite of the increasing waters?" The answer depends on the area. One example is illustrated by footprints found in Arizona.

Dinosaur Footprints in Arizona
In June, 1952, William Lee Stokes, well-known geologist was studying uranium deposits in Apache County, Arizona. He discovered a remarkable series of pterodactyl footprints in the Morrison formation.

These tracks clearly reveal how the tracks were preserved.

"The track-bearing unit is a 2- to 4- inch thick stratum of medium-grained, brownish gray sandstone…it is ripple marked on the upper surface…

"From the position of the tracks…and the apparently unsteady gait of the pterodactyl, it is inferred that the creature was walking …in moist to very moist sand.

"Above the tracks is a thin stratum of mudstone which covers and fills them. Evidently the conditions were such that the water ROSE VERY SLIGHTLY and under relatively quiet conditions deposited a mud layer which preserved the tracks from destruction" (Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 31, No. 5, September, 1957, "Pterodactyl Tracks from the Morrison Formation," William Lee Stokes, p. 952).

Back to Connecticut -Richard Swann Lull summarized the conditions under which the tracks and trackways in New England were laid down.  This description reads like a scenario of DISASTER-in spite of the fact that he would interpret fossils in an EVOLUTIONARY context.

Here is a portion of his description: "There were laid down in a gradually deepening trough in the older rocks the GREAT ACCUMULATIONS OF GRAVELS, sands, and clays, interbedded with vast lava sheets [source of intense heat?], which constitute the sediments of the Newark systems.

"Of the organic remains, those of vegetable origin consist of the impressions and casts of trunks of trees…being of such size as to indicate a STREAM OF NO MEAN TRANSPORTING POWER…here and there the vegetal remains were of sufficient abundance to lead to the production of black bituminous shale bands, formed during periods of accumulation of waters" (Triassic Life of the Connecticut Valley, Richard Swann Lull, p. 24).

Ancient Connecticut is clearly pictured as a disaster area! The cataclysm of water and lava was of such a magnitude as to literally erase life off the face of the old New England landscape.

Face to Face With Disasters
Everywhere paleontologists look they are faced with this certainty-DISASTER wiped out the dinosaurs. These disasters were worldwide. No sector of this globe escaped the tragedy.

Neither is there evidence of transition from reptiles to mammals. Then, where did the living things of this present age come from?

How did mammals come into existence? What about plant life? Modern fish? And man, himself?

The geological record reveals a profound break between the reptilian life that was obliterated and the modern life of today. The new forms of life on this planet-mammals, the insects, the plants, the fishes, the birds, man--are different in most respects from the old.

There is no evolutionary connection between the two. This is proof positive that mammals did NOT EVOLVE from reptiles. Between the two worlds is the geologic evidence that a worldwide catastrophe of astronomical--of inexplicable magnitude--ravaged our planet. But how--and WHY?"


From the department of Paleontology, National Museum of Natural History , under Dinosaur Extinction we get this quote:

"The deep-sea core provides convincing support to the hypothesis that an asteroid collision devastated terrestrial and marine environments world-wide. It also shows a record of flourishing marine life before the event, followed by mass extinction…" "The impact blasted a 180 kilometer-wide (100 miles) crater many kilometers deep into the earth. The heat of impact sent a searing vapor cloud speeding northward which, within minutes, set the North American continent aflame. This fireball and the darkness that followed caused major plant extinctions in North America. Environmental consequences led to global extinction of many plants and animals, including the dinosaurs. Lingering airborne debris is believed to have triggered darkness and a decline in the global temperature, making Earth uninhabitable not only for dinosaurs but also for many other plants and animals..." (National Museum of Natural History).

Geologist Walter Alvarez had done postdoctoral research in Italy, and was familiar with the Fish Clay sediments there. Interested in determining the span of time over which the clay sediments were deposited, he determined to analyze the sediments for trace elements left by accumulation of cosmic debris. This debris, coming in the form of micrometeorites which fall from the sky at a relatively uniform and predictable rate, contains unusual concentrations of certain platinum-group rare-earths, notably iridium, which are otherwise very rare in the Earth's crust. Alvarez collected samples of the Fish Clay, as well as samples of the chalk above and below the clay layer, at a location he knew of near Gubbio, Italy.

"Working with his Nobel-prize winning physicist father, Luis Alvarez, at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory at the University of California at Berkeley, he prepared the samples by dissolving out the calcium skeletons [CaCO3] with acid. This left equal concentrations of nearly pure clay for each sample. The samples were then subjected to neutron-activation bombardment. Analysis of the resulting neutron decay produced the expected iridium decay signature. For samples taken from the chalk above and below the clay layer, the measured iridium concentration was around 0.3 parts per billion: about the expected concentration for cosmic fallout. Iridium concentrations within the clay layer itself, however measured as high as 10 parts per billion, some 30 times higher than expected.

"The Alvarezes then analyzed samples from a famous site in Denmark, known as Stevn's Klint, and found an iridium concentration even higher than the Gubbio samples: 65 ppb., some 200 times higher than expected. Other platinum-group rare earths known to occur in cosmic debris were also found to be similarly enriched. Similar "iridium spikes" have since been identified all over the world, wherever K/T boundary sediments have been identified."

Catastrophic Evidence: One could argue that the "iridium spike" represented a period where the rate of clay deposition was drastically slowed, allowing more time for cosmic debris to accumulate." i.e. Certain paleontologists just didn't like where the evidence was pointing. Let's continue. "To account for the measured iridium concentrations, several million years would have had to elapse [at the normal cosmic fallout rate]. But the maximum time interval for accumulation of the clay layer was already bounded by other constraints." I.e. the time allowed for this clay deposit was as it appears, over a much shorter period of time. Let's go on with the quotes.

"As the signature of rare-earths coincided with the concentration of known stony meteorites, an extraterrestrial origin for the iridium was postulated. Thus, in 1980, the Alvarez team published in Science magazine: "Extraterrestrial causes for Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions," wherein they proposed that the impact of a giant meteor or asteroid, on the order of 10km in diameter, had caused the demise of the dinosaurs.

"Additional evidence of a meteor impact was also discovered, in the form of 'microtektites,' small, spherical particles of molten ejecta with a distinctive fracture pattern. Microtektites are normally associated only with the most violent explosions, such as occur when a giant meteor strikes the Earth. Microtektites have been found at many, but not all, of the boundary clay deposits in various parts of the world." Wouldn't this point to perhaps even more than one giant meteor striking Earth? Keep that in mind as we view the evidence.

"Supporting Arguments:

The Giant Meteor Impact theory meets many of the criteria for a successful extinction theory, and its incredible popularity among the scientific community attests to its success. It satisfactorily explains the K/T mass extinction event, including why some species were extirpated while others survived…"

Others survived? What criteria are they using to postulate that others survived? Simply this. If say a certain small mammal or lizard was found in Cretaceous fossil form that is similar to one found in today's living world, they assume this species survived. But there is no connective chain of fossil evidence in the rocks of such surviving species from the Cretaceous to the present flora and fauna we see around us today. If there were such evidence of an unbroken chain I'd like to see it.

Nuclear Winter-- How Long Did It Last?
 "A predicted consequence of a giant meteor impact is that immense quantities of dust and aerosols would be thrown up into the atmosphere, darkening the sky for many months, blocking out the Sun and causing something like the "Nuclear Winter" scenario predicted as the aftermath of an all-out nuclear war.
Several months of darkness would wreak havoc on the photosynthesizing nannoplankton, many of which have only a one month or less life span…" ("Dinosaur Giant Meteor Impact", prepared by Donald L. Blanchard, for the Morrison Natural History Museum).

But what if the sun-blocking cloud layer were much greater, and remained for much longer, all caused by volcanic eruptions on the Indian continent which took place at this same time, more than likely triggered by the other major asteroid to hit the earth, over in the Bay of Bombay--a 40-kilometer-wide global-killer, creating the giant Shiva Crater. (Crater Size: approximately 600 kilometers long, 450 kilometers wide and 12 kilometers deep).
 Is there any indication that such a massive eruption of volcanic activity took place? And if so, for how long? Again, let's see what Donald L. Blanchard says about what occurred. "Now it is known that for about half a million years, spanning the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, ONE OF THE BIGGEST VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS OF ALL TIME WAS GOING ON, FORMING THE DECCAN TRAPS OF WESTERN INDIA" (ibid. Donald L. Blanchard). So it looks like the smoking gun is the asteroid that created the Shiva Crater in the Bay of Bombay and set off half a million years of volcanic activity, which would have significantly lengthened the "Nuclear Winter" created by the asteroid impacts. Let us continue with Donald Blanchard's article. : "Collapse of the ocean's algae communities would similarly devastate the zooplankton, and all the animals that feed on them. This would lead to a complete collapse of the oceanic food chain, leading to the demise of such diverse groups as the ammonites and the mosasaurs and plesiosaurs.  On land, a protracted period of darkness would halt new production of plant growth, leading to the starvation of large herbivores that fed on them. Smaller animals such as the early mammals could probably hibernate through the dark period. Land plants, however, could regenerate from roots and/or seeds after the dust had cleared and normal daylight was restored".
 Oh really? We have half a million years of major volcanic activity taking place on the Indian continent following two major meteor impacts, continually filling the skies with heavy volcanic ash.

They Are All Looking At the Same Evidence,But Are Paleontologists and Scientists in Agreement???
"The Meteor Impact theory also fails to explain the perceived gradual die-off of foraminiferans and dinosaurs. It postulates a very sudden die-off, striking down whole lineages of organisms in their prime? Let's continue. "Most paleontologists reject this claim. While most of the scientific community heartily embraces the theory, the majority of paleontologists reject it. Many paleontologists are willing to believe that a meteor impact could have occurred, but don't accept that it caused the extinctions. It could, they maintain, have been the last straw that finished off an already dying breed. Many question that a meteor impact ever occurred at all."  It is also very interesting that the paleontologist community rejects the massive die-off of all life on the planet, and yet the scientific community is willing to accept the evidence. Which community stands to lose more?  Scientists, especially some of your great physicists, are free, albeit quietly, to believe in God as the designer and creator of the universe. Einstein made no bones about it. Stephen Hawking mentions God more in his famous book "A Brief History of Time" than he ever does the theory of evolution. But the very careers of paleontologists are intrinsically wrapped around the theory of evolution. After thirty-two years they still don't want to accept the evidence. Let's go on.

The Magnitude of the K/T Extinction
Continuing in another article written for the Morrison Natural History Museum, Donald L. Blanchard has this to say about the magnitude of the K/T extinction. "Perhaps the most dramatic extinctions in the sea were among the nannoplankton, minute calcium-secreting algae, and the foraminiferans, calcium-secreting protozoans." How dramatic was this extinction, anyway? "Their abandoned shells piled up in immense thickness to form the great chalk cliffs that give the Cretaceous Period its name ('Cretaceous' comes from the Latin word for 'chalk.')." Ever hear of or see the White Cliffs of Dover, towering over the seacoast of England? "…Marine sediments during the Cretaceous Period were composed almost entirely of this chalk, with only a small percentage of clay particles. Sediments deposited immediately after the K/T boundary is dominated by clay particles, with only 20 to 40 % being chalk. This clay layer, known as the "Fish Clay" in Europe, is widely accepted worldwide as the boundary between Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments"

 How bad was the die-off? "this represents approximately a 97% reduction in the abundance of marine calcareous algae." 97 percent, 100 percent, what's the difference? These nannoplanton and protozoans made up the giant carbon-dioxide scrubber for the planet. Carbon dioxide is readily absorbed by water, the oceans. These photosynthesizing plankton took in carbon dioxide and combined it with the element Calcium to make their tiny skeletons of CaCO3, or Calcium Carbonate, basically what chalk is made of. As these plankton gradually die off the excess CO2 in the air is safely locked away in the sea-floor. Pore vinegar on chalk and it bubbles and foams. That is CO2 being released, leaving pure Calcium. Deadly levels of CO2 would accumulate as a result of 97 percent of these organisms dying off, soon making it 100 percent as deadly levels of HCO3 acid built up in the seas. This is all basic High School chemistry. No plants on land photosynthesizing for a long period and all the CO2 absorbing plankton dead. Deadly levels of CO2 in the atmosphere from the fires raging and volcanoes which were erupting for over a half million years. Other deadly gases constantly being released by these volcanoes, such as sulfuric acid, all being absorbed by the oceans as well. Doesn't that sound like a dead planet to you?

Let's continue with these quotes about the magnitude of the K/T Extinction. "Dinosaurs were the undisputed rulers of life on land, right up to the catastrophic K/T event, but they were not the only creatures to suffer. Although fossil birds are rare during the Cretaceous (due more to scarcity of preservation than to a lack of abundance), there were apparently several distinct lineages of Cretaceous birds, only one of which survived the extinction event, to give rise to the birds of today. However, many species within that one lineage survived, as many of the modern bird orders were represented prior to the close of the Cretaceous." Many species within that one lineage survived to give rise to the birds of today"?

 We all know from DNA, that through the survival of one species, other species cannot develop. DNA coding is a precise thing and does not allow one species to become another. There is also a huge assumption being made here. It is this. They assume because a particular mammal or bird fossil is found in the record of the Cretaceous rock, and it matches or is similar to ones of today, that that particular species somehow survived and evolved into all the species we see around us today. But for that to have occurred and be provable, we would have to see an unbroken chain of evolutionary development of each species in the fossil record of the rocks. Such a record does not exist. It is totally lacking. Yet they persist, as this statement indicates: "Many species of mammals also survived, as many mammalian orders have Cretaceous representatives. Cretaceous mammals, however, tended to be quite small, and probably were predominantly nocturnal"

What About the Aquilapollenite Plant Species?
"At the end of the Cretaceous Period in this region, above the Aquilapollenites sediments and the inevitable clay layer is found a layer of coal, which represents the remains of fauna made up almost exclusively of ferns [dinosaur food]. After the coal layer, angiosperms return to the scene, but this time a different assemblage of species is found" (Donald L. Blanchard, on behalf of the Morrison Natural History Museum). No connective fossil record from one to the other is found, just "a different assemblage of species is found."

Part Two.
If the theory of evolution is false, what does the record of the rocks really tell us when coupled to the Word of God? What are these two sources of information really telling us about the Earth's past? Let's take a look.
First let's get a look at the chronology of when certain key books of the Bible were written, and who was inspiring the writers of them. The NIV Bible in the opening notes to each book of the Bible gives important dates on this subject. First, the Apostle Peter says the books were written by men, but that these men were inspired by the Holy Spirit in everything they wrote down. I Peter 1:20-21, "Above all, you must understand that no prophecy of Scripture came about by the prophet's own interpretation. For the prophecy never had its origin in the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit." Or as the King James says, "as they were moved by the Holy Ghost." In the opening notes to Exodus, the translators say that the Israelites left Egypt about 1446 B.C. So the first five books of Moses, Genesis through Deuteronomy were written sometime within the life-span of Moses, after 1446 B.C. They, as we shall see, are not the oldest books of the Bible. Job is thought to have lived around the time of Abraham, in 2100 B.C. So the book of Job is the earliest book of the Bible. Job has an interesting encounter with God. In this encounter God asks Job, who had been very prideful about his knowledge and obedience to God, "Where were you when I laid the earth's foundation? Tell me, if you understand. Who marked off its dimensions? Surely you know! Who stretched a measuring line across it? On what were its footings set, or who laid its cornerstone--while the morning stars sang together and all the angels shouted for joy?" Job 38:4-7. So in the earliest book of the Bible God himself is pointing out that the earth was created so beautiful and perfectly that the very angels of heaven were singing and shouting for joy. Keep that in mind.
Now let's turn to the 2nd oldest book in the Bible, Genesis, written some time after 1446 B.C. In Genesis 1:1 God describes this same creation of heaven and earth, where the angels shouted for joy. Genesis 1:1, "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth." Now, let's read verse 2a of Genesis 1. "And the earth was [Hebrew: or possibly "became"] without form [Hebrew: "tohuw" "to lie waste; as desolation…] and void [Hebrew from Strongs #8414: "bohuw" ruin:--emptiness, void]…" Genesis 1:1 points to the original creation, as Job 38:4-7 does. So God's first creation was that of the angels themselves, before time and space and matter was created. The Hebrew then indicates in Genesis 1:2a that the earth "became" tohuw and bohuw, "waste, desolate and in ruin, emptiness."

If angels came first, and the earth and heavens were created so beautiful as to make the heavenly angels shout and sing for joy, does the Bible show us an event that might have caused the ruin of earth? Keep that thought in mind. Genesis 1:2a briefly indicates that the earth became towuh and bohuw, empty and void, empty and desolate. Genesis 1:2b brings us right up to the beginning of the re-creation of planet Earth for man to inhabit, creating a habitat suitable for man, creating species of animals, plants, birds and sea creatures suitable for mankind. But what happened to the first creation on Earth? Does the Bible tell us? What did God create first? In Job 38:7 we find angels already in existence before the heavens and earth were created. They were shouting for joy and singing. In the record of the rocks we just saw plainly how the dinosaurs roamed the earth, huge populations of all the various thunder-lizards populating the planet Earth. We know that 65 million years ago two, not one, but two huge meteors--global killers--hit the earth. One measuring 6.25 miles across hit the Yucatan the other measuring 25 miles across hit the Bay of Bombay.
We also know from extensive satellite fly-bys and telescopic observations that the Moon, and Mercury, both without weathering atmospheres that would destroy evidence, are covered with huge craters, blast-marks from a distant past. An asteroid belt consisting of the mass of a decent earth-sized planet exists between Mars and Jupiter. This belt orbits the Sun just like a planet would. Just ask yourself "What would happen if someone, something, were able to blow up a planet?" The force required to do that would send "asteroids" speeding in all directions. Those heading toward the sun, and any planets in the way, would get a gravitational assist in speed from the sun's gravitational field, coupled to the gravitational field of the planet or moon they were headed for. The asteroids flying out in the direction of the orbit this planet once occupied would "fill up" the orbital path of this shattered planet, maintaining an orbit of their own in the planet's place. Other asteroids would form elliptical orbits that go in close to the sun and then back out beyond our solar system, just as astronomers have observed.

If evolution is truly a faulty theory, then we must look for answers that both fit the record of the rocks and our astronomical observations and that of the Bible, and the Creator God who inspired its writing. This means you must look into the Bible's pages to find logical answers to these questions of origins, and what occurred in our distant past. We know from the pages of the Bible, the angels came first, then the heavens and earth were created. The record of the rocks clearly show there was a prior creation, where dinosaurs (and angels) ruled the earth.

What happened in this Dinosaurian-Angelic realm? Do angels wage war? Are we looking at the clear evidence of a huge Star Wars type battle that occurred between angels or perhaps between God and some of his angels? Most Bible scholars agree that Ezekiel 28:11-17 is talking about Lucifer, who became Satan. Let's read it. Ezekiel 28:11-17, "The word of the Lord came to me: 'Son of man, take up a lament concerning the king of Tyre and say to him: 'This is what the Sovereign Lord says: You were the model of perfection, full of wisdom and perfect in beauty. You were in Eden, the garden of God; every precious stone adorned you: ruby, topaz and emerald, chrysolite, onyx and jasper, sapphire, turquoise and beryl. Your settings and mountings were made of gold; on the day you were created they were prepared. You were anointed as a guardian cherub, for so I ordained you. You were on the holy mount of God; you walked among the fiery stones. You were blameless in your ways from the day you were created till wickedness was found in you. Through your widespread trade you were filled with violence, and you sinned. So I drove you in disgrace from the mount of God, and I expelled you, O guardian cherub, from the fiery stones. Your heart became proud on account of your beauty, and you corrupted your wisdom because of your splendor. So I threw you to the earth…" In verse 17 God says about Lucifer, "So I threw you to the earth."  Remember, we're combining the Word of God to the geologic and paleontological evidence we see around us in an attempt to draw a logical conclusion on this matter of origins. If you have seen and come to your own conclusion, based on the facts, that evolutionary theory is a flawed theory--weak at best--then what else is there? The Bible, or simply--we just don't know?

Does Jesus, say anything about Satan's fall back to Earth, about how spectacular an event it was or anything?  "He states in Luke 10:18 "I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven.'" 

Isaiah 14:12-15 is another account of the same event described in Ezekiel 28 and Luke 10:18, of Lucifer's fall and being thrown back to Earth. Let's read it. Isaiah 14:12-15, "How you have fallen from heaven, O morning star ["Lucifer" means "morning star" in Hebrew. The King James translates this "How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the dawn…"], son of the dawn! You have been cast down to the earth, you who once laid low the nations! You said in your heart, 'I will ascend to heaven; I will raise my throne above the stars ["stars", the Bible's symbol for "angels"] of God; I will sit enthroned on the mount of assembly, on the utmost heights of the sacred mountain [Hebrew: "sides of the north"]. I will ascend above the tops of the clouds; I will make myself like the Most High. But you are brought down to the grave, to the depths of the pit."

Is there any other place in the Bible that shows that Lucifer attempted to, and will yet again attempt to wage war against God? Revelation 12:3-4a, "Then another sign appeared in heaven: an enormous red dragon with seven heads and ten horns and seven crowns on his heads. [This is symbolic language indicating that Satan is the unseen spiritual ruler of the last resurrection of the Roman Empire which will try to conquer the earth.  His tail swept a third of the stars out of the sky and flung them to the earth." Symbolic meaning of "stars" in the Bible is "angels". This is where the Bible indicates that Lucifer deceived one third of God's angels into following him in his rebellion, and they became demons, or fallen angels. The next verse is where Satan is shown as trying to destroy the Christ child right after his birth (this attempt occurred through Herod killing all the babies in Bethlehem and the surrounding towns who were around the age of the new-born Jesus). So the event of throwing the "one third of the stars to earth" was before the birth of Christ, way, way before, in time sequence. So here in Revelation 12:3-4a Jesus is revealing that this Lucifer, now Satan, was able to somehow deceive one third of the angels to follow him.

In Revelation 12:7-9 we find a description, a prophecy, of an angelic war between God's holy angels and Satan's angels (demons) yet to come. But it can also be a good reflection of the first angelic war. "And there was war in heaven. Michael [one of two more cherubs, or archangels that God created (Lucifer, Michael, and Gabriel).] and his angels fought against the dragon, and the dragon and his angels fought back. But he was not strong enough, and they lost their place in heaven. The great dragon was hurled down--that ancient serpent called the devil, or Satan, who leads the whole world astray. He was hurled to the earth, and his angels with him" (Revelation 12:7-9). In the first angelic war between Satan and God the exact same result occurred as in Revelation 12:9b, "He was hurled to the earth, and his angels with him." Jesus said of this first event, "I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven."

Now getting back to where we were in Genesis 1:2a, the record of the rocks shows that after these two global-killer asteroids hit, huge clouds of dust, volcanic smoke and debris filled the skies, blocking out all light. Anything that survived the two huge blasts and resultant shock waves of searing steam and heat, and oncoming tidal waves flying out from the blast sites for hundreds, even thousands of miles, and then the buckling of Earth's crust creating volcanic eruptions and fissures around the world--the life that was left alive--plant life from the giant Cycads down to the tiny diatoms, stopped photosynthesizing. Any dinosaurs to survive died of starvation. The huge chalk cliffs, the White Cliffs of Dover being one example, are dead diatoms, nannoplankton, from the K/T Barrier, dated 65 million years ago! Revelation 12:7-9 is not only a prophecy for the future, but a reflection of that Star Wars that occurred in the distant past of 65 million years ago.

In Genesis 1:2a+b we see "Now the earth became formless [tohuw] and empty [bohuw], darkness was over the surface of the deep,…" Now the next part of Genesis 1:2, Genesis 1:2c, "…and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters." So the earth is in darkness, and the Spirit of God is hovering over the waters. God is ready at this point to start re-creating new life-forms. Let's continue reading and see what happens. Notice this paleontologists quote: "It was as if a huge curtain was wrung down on the Dinosaurs, and when it lifted the whole stage had changed. Nothing of the Dinosaur age was to be seen. Now everything that had to do with man and man himself was on the stage, and reptiles were mere supernumeraries [bit part actors]."
Some Bible scholars believe God created everything, the heavens and the earth, in six days, and that dinosaurs are some Satanic deception they reject what is called the Gap Theory.
In the Gap Theory scenario it is taught that there was a huge time-gap between Genesis 1:1 and 1:2.  This scenario successfully integrates the geologic record of the rocks into the Biblical record of events. So let's look at Genesis 1:2-27 as portrayed in this particular view, as a re-creation. Then we'll read the actual verses as the NIV has them:

"On the first day of reforming Earth's surface, God prepared the periods of night and day by clearing way much of the smoke and gases surrounding the whirling planet. Thus a little light came through to Earth for the first time since Satan and his demons were cast back down from heaven, when deep, heavy blankets of dark clouds were formed from the wrecking of the world. At that time those clouds had cut off all light rays from the sun, moon and stars. (Genesis 1:3-5.)

"On the second day God formed a vast layer of fresh air over the Earth. This caused much of the water vapors to seep upward, like steam out of a teakettle, and to form great, billowing, clean clouds high in the sky. This air, a combination of healthy gases, is known to us as the atmosphere (Genesis 1:6-8). It was very necessary to prepare the atmosphere, because man has to breathe air in order to live. He actually lives in a deep, heavy sea of gases, much as sea creatures live in deep oceans.

Three Heavens
"God called this atmosphere Heaven (Genesis 1:8). However He also spoke of two other heavens. One is the vast space beyond our atmosphere (Genesis 1:14). The other is where His throne is (Acts 7:49). He doesn't tell us just where that is, and astronomers can't find out because it isn't visible to human eyes.

"On the third day, our  Creator molded Earth's crust so that some of it was high and some of it was low. The great layer of water covering the planet drained into the low areas, causing deep seas. Large areas of land were left above water, forming continents (Genesis 1:9-10).

"On the continents God planted all kinds of vegetation--trees, bushes, flowers, grass--everything that could grow out of the ground. And in that same day the lands of Earth began to be green with plants of all kinds springing up from the soil (Genesis 1:11-13).

"On the fourth day God cleared away the last of the dust and harmful gases from the sky, thus letting the sun, moon and stars shine in their full brilliance and splendour upon the lands and seas (Genesis 1:14-19).

"On the fifth day the Creator planted in the sea whales, fish, eels, octopi and many, many other water creatures. On that same day He also formed various kinds of birds to fly through the air. From these sea creatures and air creatures came many others of their kind, and in time the seas and skies were swarming with living things (Genesis 1:20-23).

"Now God had renewed the whole face of the Earth in five days, and at last the planet was ready for God to create man on it.

"But before He created man on that sixth day, God formed other creatures to live on land. Elephants, cattle, lizards, worms, insects--every kind of thing that walks or creeps was brought into being that day .

Now lets read the actual whole account in the New International Version of the Bible and see how it looks, based on what we've read in the geologic record of the rocks and in the Bible. Genesis 1:1-27, "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was ["became"] formless and empty [Tohuw and Bohuw, waste, empty and desolate], darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.

"And God said, 'Let there be light,' and there was light. God saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the darkness. God called the light "day," and the darkness he called "night." And there was evening, and there was morning--the first day.

"And God said, 'Let there be an expanse between the waters to separate water from water.' So God made the expanse and separated the water under the expanse from the water above it. And it was so. God called the expanse "sky." And there was evening, and there was morning--the second day.

"And God said, 'Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let the dry ground appear. And it was so. God called the dry ground "land," and the gathered waters he called "seas." And God saw that it was good.

"Then God said, 'Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds." And it was so. The land produced vegetation: plants bearing seed according to their kinds and trees bearing fruit with seed in it according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good. And there was evening, and there was morning--the third day.

"And God said, 'Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as signs to mark seasons and days and years, and let them be lights in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth." And it was so. God made two great lights--the greater light to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night. He also made the stars. God set them in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth, to govern the day and the night, and to separate light from darkness. And God saw that it was good. And there was evening, and there was morning--the fourth day.

"And God said, 'Let the water teem with living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the expanse of the sky.' So God created the great creatures of the sea and every living and moving thing with which the water teems, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. God blessed them and said, 'Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds increase on the earth.' And there was evening, and there was morning--the fifth day.

"And God said, 'Let the land produce living creatures according to their kinds: livestock, creatures that move along the ground, and wild animals, each according to its kind.' And it was so. God made the wild animals according their kinds, the livestock according to their kinds, and all the creatures that move along the ground according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good.

"Then God said, 'Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground.'

"So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them" (Genesis 1:1-27). Man is the only creature on earth that creates. Look at the phenomenal creating ability of man, the engineering genius of man. Animals don't possess that ability. God's a creator, and on a lesser degree, man is as well, just like his Creator parent.

So the record of the rocks show us clearly the quotes of geologists that say the curtain was wrung down upon all the species of Dinosaurs, and when the curtain was raised again, all the life-forms we see and know of today were on the scene, mysteriously, some how. It is a big mystery to those people being quoted. But that record of the rocks fits Genesis 1:1-27, as we've just seen, if you're willing to honestly look at the evidence and come to a logical and intellectually honest conclusion, whether that meets with your past beliefs on the subject or not.
If you need more evidence, read on…

Part Three.
Now that we've looked into the semi-macro of God's creation, let's look into the micro-elements of God's creation--DNA--found in both dinosaurs and man, and the huge amounts of time "evolutionary theory" requires for life to develop.
Ben Bova in his book The Milky Way Galaxy says, "Man has always been fascinated by the mystery of the universe's creation. But how long is "always"?

Astonomers and geologists agree that the earth is at least five billion years old [based on the half-life of uranium, and the percentage of lead found in each and every sample of uranium, which is identical the world over]. Paleontologists estimate that life on this planet began two and a half billion years ago. Anthropologists believe man appeared about a million years ago.

Man's written history dates back scarcely six thousand years…"(The Milky Way Galaxy, by Ben Bova, p. 1,).

So evolutionary theory gives the dinosaur life-forms 2.5 billion years to develop. Then WHAM! The Great Dinosaur Extinction 65 million years ago. Evolutionary assumption is that it took 2.5 billion years for dinosaurs along with their intricate DNA molecules with their even more intricate codes for specific life-species to evolve. Then all of a sudden the great extinction of 65 million years ago takes place. As you've seen the evidence, nothing lived. How could anything survive not just the asteroid hits, but a half million years of big volcanic activity on top of all that? Now what is the statistical probability that this highly intricate life-coding system of cellular replication called DNA could "re-evolve" in exactly the same atomic pattern, but this time carrying the complex codes for man and all the flora and fauna conducive to mankind--and this in the geologically tiny space of time of a mere 65 million years? Dividing 65,000,000 by 2,500,000,000 equals 0.026. That means that this intricate life-coding molecule, with all its differing codes for each and every species, would have had to "re-evolve" in just 2.6 percent of the time it took to evolve in the first place. You students of the laws of probability, is that within the realm of possibility? The odds of hitting the power-ball lottery are far more in your favor than those odds. And it gets worse. Man and all the associated life-forms that accompany man--even giving the evolutionary paleontologists the million years they say man has been around--took not 65,000,000 years, but only 1 million years. That's 1,000,000 divided by 2.5 billion, or 0.4 percent the amount of time it took dinosaur life-forms and their complex DNA coding systems to evolve. What are your odds for evolution now??? You say the DNA isn't the same, so we wouldn't recognize it or be able to manipulate it? When Michael Creighton started to write his famous book "Jurassic Park" he first asked some expert geneticists if this whole idea of cloning dinosaurs from their DNA was plausible, possible. They said "Yes, it was."

Could DNA evolve? How intricate is DNA? How much life-code is written into each DNA strand? Let's see. After that we'll take a short look at some other amazing micro life-forms.

"It is humbling for me and awe-inspiring to realize that we have caught the first glimpse of our instruction book, previously known only to God." Francis Collins, director of the Human Genome Project.

What DNA Looks Like
"DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is found in nearly every single one of more than 75 trillion cells that make up the human body. DNA is embedded in our skin cells and our hair roots and our saliva. It's in our blood, our sweat, and our tears. To see what this DNA looks like, we need to take a close look inside a typical human cell, which magnifies the cell millions of times.

"Within this highly magnified cell, 46 chromosomes float in a watery nucleus. These threadlike strands are made of protein and DNA molecules. A close look at one of these DNA molecules reveals what scientists call the double helix. This large, double-stranded molecule resembles a long, spiraling ladder. The two sides of this spiraling DNA ladder are made of four building blocks called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made of a sugar joined to a phosphate and a base. These bases come in four varieties. Scientists have identified them by the letters A (adenine), C (cytosine), G (guanine), and T (thymine), the four letters that make up the DNA alphabet.

"These nucleotides are arranged in base pairs, with each pair making up a rung on the DNA ladder. Nucleotides pair up according to strict rules. Nucleotide A pairs only with nucleotide T, and nucleotide G pairs only with nucleotide C. The A-T and G-C base pairs, repeated in various sequences again and again, make up the 3 billion "rungs" of the DNA ladder. These base pairs are arranged in a very specific order called the DNA sequence.

What DNA Does
"Scientists have compared the DNA sequence to the letters that make up the words in a book of instructions. The experts have also compared it to the software that programs computers. What is it about DNA that makes them think this way?

It turns out that the DNA molecules in a single cell--the basic unit of living matter--carry within them all the vital information and instructions needed for growth and operation of a human being [or any other organism, of this age, or the dinosaur age--no difference]. Because of DNA, our cells divide to produce more cells. Because of DNA, our hearts beat, our lungs breathe, our ears hear, and our eyes see. Because of DNA, our bodies live, grow, and function. In this way, we can say that everyone is programmed by DNA from the moment of conception.

"The DNA sequence in each of our cells carries the hereditary information transmitted to us from our parents. The chromosomes in the nucleus, or control center, of each cell contain the information. These 46 chromosomes come in two sets, each with 23 chromosomes. One set is inherited from our father, and the other set is inherited from our mother. This information determines what we will grow up to look like. Our DNA determines the physical characteristics we all have in common, such as two eyes, two arms, and two legs.

"The DNA sequence within each of our cells also carries the operating manual that tells our bodies how to grow and function. These instructions are packaged into units called genes. Each gene consists of one small section of the DNA ladder. (A typical gene takes up about 3,000 of the 3 billion "rungs" of the DNA ladder.)

"Each gene has its own special task to perform. The gene's DNA code, which is made up of sequences of A-T and G-C nucleotide base pairs, "tells" the gene to produce one specific kind of protein. Proteins are the body's building blocks. Together, all the genes produce the thousands of different kinds of proteins that make up the cells and tissues of the human body. All the genes in a cell--80,000 or so--make up the human genome, the coded genetic blueprint that is contained in virtually every one of the more than 75 trillion cells in the human body" ("DNA Fingerprinting, the Ultimate Identity", by Ron Fridell, pp. 7,8,9,10,11).

"But your genome is not quite identical to anyone else's. Small but significant differences in the DNA sequence appear here and there along the DNA ladder. Here's how a geneticist, a scientist who studies genes, explains these differences to a lecture audience:

"Look at the neighbor to your left and to your right. You're 99.9 percent identical. But in a genome of 3 billion letters, even one tenth of a percent difference translates into 3 million separate spelling differences. I invite you again to look to the left and right and notice how unique you are. There is no one in this audience who has the same DNA sequence as anyone else" ("DNA Fingerprinting, The Ultimate Identity", p. 12)"

So that gives us a small glimpse of how complex not only the DNA molecule is, but how complex the DNA code or program is. The mere discovery of the complexity of DNA and this code or program within it caused one of it's discoverers to caution evolutionary biologists not to scrap the theory of evolution. But saying that all this evolved is like saying you can put all the pieces of an expensive Rolex Watch in an empty paint can with the lid securely fastened and place the can in a paint mixing vibrator, and after a million years--MAGIC--PRESTO!!! OUT COMES A PERFECT ROLEX WATCH!--absurd, impossible. And yet brilliant minds ask us to believe in the evolution of all the species we see around us, including us, and of all the species that went before us, 65 million years ago.

Let's look at some more DNA facts--to fully see the true complexity of DNA and what we really are.

"The human body has 3 trillion cells. All except red blood cells contain DNA--deoxyribonucleic acid, the chemical that stores each person's genetic code. Even after being multiplied millions of times, DNA is invisible to the naked eye. Test duplicate and isolate 13 specific sites along a DNA strand, a coiled helix that in just one cell stretches 5 feet. These sites identify an individual…" ("Biotechnology" Edited by Lynn Messina, p. 39).

"Well it mean that our behaviors, thoughts and emotions are merely the sum of our genes, and scientists can use a genetic road map to calculate just what that sum is? Who are we then, and what will happen to our cherished senses of individuality and free will? Will knowing our genetic code mean we will know our irrevocable fates? (ibid. p. 21)

"The Primacy of Genes also assumes that genes act on their own. How do they know when to turn on and off the synthesis of particular proteins? If you view genes as autonomous, the answer is that they just know. No one tells a gene what to do; instead, the buck starts and stops there.

"However, that view is far from accurate too. Within the staggeringly long sequences of DNA, it turns out that only a tiny percentage of letters actually form the words that constitute genes and serve as code for proteins. More than 95 percent of DNA, instead, is "non-coding." Much of DNA simply constitutes on and off switches for regulating the activity of genes. It's like you have a 100-page book, and 95 of the pages are instructions and advice for reading the other five pages. Thus, genes don't independently determine when proteins are synthesized. They follow instructions originating somewhere else.

"What regulates those switches? In some instances, chemical messengers from other parts of the cell. In other cases, messengers from other cells in the body (this is the way many hormones work)  Or a mother rat licking and grooming her infant will initiate a cascade of events that eventually turns on genes related to growth in that child. Or the smell of a female in heat will activate genes in certain male primates related to reproduction. Or a miserably stressful day of final exams will activate genes in a typical college student that will suppress the immune system, often leading to a cold or worse.

"You can't dissociate genes from the environment that turns genes on and off. And you can't dissociate the effects of genes from the environment in which proteins exert their effects. The study of genetics will never be so all encompassing as to gobble up every subject from medicine to sociology. Instead, the more science learns about genes, the more we will learn about the importance of the environment. That goes for real life, too: genes are essential but not the whole story." (Biotechnology, pp. 22, 23.)

The Bible in Proverbs 17:22 shows the interaction of attitude and health as well. And it has become a medical fact that attitude can trigger health problems or degenerative diseases. But God's Word got the medical scoop on this genetic-biologic link long before man's study of genetics and DNA. How was that possible? Proverbs 17:22, "A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones." Or as one translation has it, "rots the bones."

HOW MANY GENES ARE THERE, ANYWAY?

"According to Collins, director of the Human Genome Project for the National Institutes of Health, the genome data collected so far haven't solved a fundamental riddle: How many genes exist, anyway? Estimates have ranged between 35,000 and 140,000 human genes. The figure is so imprecise because recent mapping of chromosome 21 found far fewer genes than expected, only 225 instead of about 500.

"In contrast, the sequences at Celera recently suggested there may be more genes than expected hidden on the chromosomes, as many as 140,000. So in jest, Collins has been presiding over a lottery that will pay off , when the genome is done.

"This lack of firm knowledge about how many genes actually exist "is pretty striking," Waterston said. The puzzle exists because "it's not a simple thing to find genes. Only about 3 percent of the genome is used in genes that actually specify the construction of proteins. The rest includes a huge amount of DNA of unknown function that sits between genes and within genes. And there are many known genes that seem to control the activity of others" (ibid. p. 12).

"The human Genome Project is generating an amount of data unprecedented in biology. A simple list of the units of DNA, called bases, that make up the human genome would fill 200 telephone books--even without the annotations describing what those DNA sequences do. A working draft of 90 percent of the total human DNA sequence is expected. But that will be merely a skeleton that will require many layers of annotation to give it meaning.

"Proteins not only make up the structural bulk of the human body but also include the enzymes that carry out the biochemical reactions of life. They are composed of units called amino acids linked together in a long string; each string folds in a way that determines the function of a protein. The order of the amino acids is set by the DNA base sequence of the gene that encodes a given protein, through intermediaries called RNA; genes that actively make RNA are said to be "expressed." (ibid. p. 13)

"The six billion bases of the human genome are thought to encode approximately 100,000 proteins" (ibid. p. 14)

"Being able to model a single cell will be impressive, but to understand fully the life-forms we are most familiar with, we will plainly have to consider additional levels of complexity.

We will have to examine how genes and their products behave in place and time--that is, in different parts of the body and in a body that changes over a life span.

"So far developmental biologists have striven to find signals that are universally important in establishing an animal's body plan, the arrangement of its limbs and organs. In time, they will also describe the variations--in gene sequence and perhaps in gene regulation--that generate the striking diversity of forms among different species. By comparing species, we will learn how genetic circuits have been modified to carry out distinct programs so that almost equivalent networks of genes fashion, for example, small furry legs in mice and arms with opposable digits in humans. (ibid. p. 16)

DID WE ALL COME FROM ONE SET OF PARENTS--ADAM AND EVE??? DNA POINTS IN THAT DIRECTION.

"Despite what may seem like great diversity in our species, studies from the past decade show that the human species is more homogeneous than many others; as a group, we display less variation than chimps do. Among humans, the same genetic variations tend to be found across all population groups, and only a small fraction of the total variation (between 10 and 15 percent) can be related to differences between groups. This has led some population biologists to the conclusion that not so long ago the human species was composed of a small group, perhaps 10,000 individuals, and that human populations dispersed over the earth only recently"
(ibid. p. 17)
DNA HAS BEEN AROUND FOR 3.5 BILLION YEARS BY SCIENTISTS OWN ADMISSION--A HIGHLY COMPLEX MOLECULAR CODE BOOK. THE K/T BARRIER SHOWS THAT ALL LIFE STOPPED 65 MILLION YEARS AGO. THEN--BAM!--AN ENTIRELY NEW GROUP OF LIFE-FORMS APPEAR, MANY HIGHER SPECIES OBVIOUSLY CONTAINING THE 200+ PHONEBOOKS OF GENETIC CODE CONTAINED IN DNA.

If DNA were around for 3.5 billion years, then how long did it take to "evolve" with all this incredibly large code-book library for life found in each species in the Age of Dinosaurs? And then the DNA code-books are destroyed 65 million years ago, for all life on the planet--and then they re-appear fairly recently, less than a million years ago, this time containing a whole new library full of 200+ phonebook size code-books of DNA for the life-forms around us today.

"To a large extent, DNA sequence data have already exposed the record of 3.5 billion years of evolution…One aspect of inheritance has complicated the hope of assigning all living things to branches in a single tree of life. In many cases, different genes suggest different family histories for the same organisms…Genes sometimes hop across large evolutionary gaps." (ibid. p. 19)

Say DNA took a billion years to evolve into the many complex dinosaur life-forms that inhabited earth from 3.5 billion years ago to 65 million years ago. And then lets go with the date that paleontologists ascribe to man's appearance on earth, 100,000 years ago (we'll give them that, even though the Bible says 6 thousand years ago). 100,000 divided by 1,000,000,000 (1 billion) (the time it took for dino-DNA to "evolve") equals 0.1 percent of the original time it took for Dinosaurian DNA to develop. That is, all the life-forms we see around us, their DNA took only 0.1 percent of the time to "re-evolve", but this time coded to all the life-forms we see around us. Now what are the statistical probabilities that something as complex as DNA, or the 200+ phonebooks of DNA code, could "re-evolve" in only 0.1 percent of the time? The re-appearance of the same DNA code-books, but now programmed to the flora and fauna of the Age of Man show the authorship and ownership of an extremely intelligent design and program engineer--God himself. "Genes sometimes hop across large evolutionary gaps…" Yes, they hopped across the K/T Barrier. How in the world did they do this? And how did they "re-evolve" in the same identical complexity as they had been before, and in only 0.1 percent of the time that they had "evolved" before. And where is the evidence of DNA evolution?

"It is humbling for me and awe-inspiring to realize that we have caught the first glimpse of our own instruction book, previously known only to God." Francis Collins, director of the Human Genome Project.

Specified Complexity
According to cell biologist Bruce Alberts, president of the National Academy of Sciences, "The entire cell can be viewed as a factory that contains an elaborate network of interlocking assembly lines, each of which is composed of a set of large protein machines."

Alberts' description is no idle metaphor. Even the simplest cells are bristling with high-tech machinery. On the outside, their surfaces are studded with sensors, gates, pumps and identification markers. Some bacteria even sport rotary outboard motors.

Inside, cells are jam-packed with power plants, automated workshops and recycling units. Miniature monorails whisk materials from one location to another.

Such sophistication has led even hardened atheists to acknowledge the apparent design in living organisms, not that it changes their minds about evolution. Francis Crick, a Nobel laureate and co-discoverer of the structure of DNA warns, "Biologists must constantly keep in mind that what they see was not designed but rather evolved."

Proponents of intelligent design contend that living organisms appear designed because they are designed--they exhibit a feature that natural processes cannot mimic.

That feature is specified complexity, a concept developed by William Dembski to explain how people distinguish accidents from things that happen "on purpose."

Although the term sounds like a mouthful, the basic idea is quite simple: An object displays specified complexity when it has lots of parts (is complex) and yet fits a recognizable pattern (is specified).

For example, the article you're now reading has thousands of characters, which could have been arranged in zillions of ways. Yet it fits a recognizable pattern: It's not just a jumble of letters, but a  article written in English. Any rational person would conclude that it was designed.

The effectiveness of such thinking is confirmed by experience, Dembski says. "In every instance where we find specified complexity, and where [its] history is known, it turns out that design actually is present."

Now here's a really good example of the super-complexity of a single common bacteria. If it's spotted in a town's water system, you have to boil the water.

"For example, consider the little outboard motor that bacteria such as E. coli use to navigate their environment. This water-cooled contraption, called a flagellum, comes equipped with a reversible engine, drive shaft, U-joint and long whip-like propeller. It hums along at 17,000 rpm.

Its complexity is enormous. According to microbiologist Scott Minnich of the University of Idaho, you need about 50 genes to create a working flagellum. Each of those genes is as complex as a sentence with hundreds of letters. What's more, the requirements for a working flagellum are extremely tight.

"Mutations in any single gene knock out function or in lesser cases diminish function, " Minnich says. "So, to swim you have to have the full compliment of genes. There are no intermediate steps." June 2002 Focus On The Family, pp. 2, 3.)

And wherever we look in the micro-world of DNA and genes, we find the same thing. Such systems really do defy Darwinist explanations. Finally, let's see what Stephen Hawkings has to say about the second law of thermodynamics.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics
The second law of Thermodynamics points in the opposite direction of evolutionary theory as well. The second law of thermodynamics states that the decay of matter and decay of systems from a complex state of high order to a state of low or lower order is always taking place. Man and life as we know it, and the Dinosaurian life-forms as well are and were systems of high quality and high order. Evolution demands what we don't see in nature, a reversal of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Evolutionary theory demands that we believe that the complex life-forms we see around us came, "evolved", from a much lower level of sophistication, from a state of non-life, actually. Here is a finalnal quote from Stephen Hawking:
"It is a common experience that disorder will tend to increase if things are left to themselves. (One has only to stop making repairs around the house to see that!) One can create order out of disorder (for example, one can paint the house), but that requires expenditure of effort or energy and so decreases the amount of ordered energy available. A precise statement of this idea is known as the second law of thermodynamics. It states that the entropy of an isolated system always increases, and that when two systems are jointed together, the entropy of the combined system is greater than the sum of the entropies of the individual systems ("A Brief History of Time", by Stephen Hawking, p. 130).
Mr. Hawking defines "entropy" as a measure of the degree of disorder of a system. "In any closed system disorder, or entropy, always increases with time. In other words, it is a form of Murphy's law: things always tend to go wrong!…" (ibid. p. 184.) If evolutionary theory were true, a different situation would be seen by all of us in the natural world. Let Mr. Hawking explain. "Suppose, however, that God decided that the universe should finish up in a state of high order but that it didn't matter what state it started in. At early times the universe would probably be in a disordered state. This would mean that disorder would decrease with time. You would see broken cups gathering themselves together and jumping back onto the table. However, any human beings observing the cups would be living in a universe in which disorder decreased with time." (ibid. pp. 187,188) But we don't live in such a universe. In order to see order come from a state of disorder, it takes intelligent design of a design engineer, work, effort and applied energy, or what is called an application of the law of "Specified Complexity".

The Next Important Question
So now we come to the next really important question. If we are the product of intelligent design, who was the Designer? Skeptics, atheist's and scoffers alike say the Bible was the writings of early nomadic Jews, and is basically uninspired. Even religious scholars in some of the famous universities like Harvard teach courses that tend to be critical of a literal interpretation of the Bible, and show it was basically humanly inspired and can't be taken literally. But is this really true? Is the Word of God, the Holy Bible, just a product of the imaginations of some early nomadic Hebrew wanderers in the deserts of Mesopotamia and Palestine? Or is the Bible really the Word of God? Is there any way you, as an individual, can prove that the Bible is the infallible Word of God? To learn about Jesus Christ and just how inspired and accurate the  Bible really is log into SDCUK.ORG.UK

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